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Contrast is a principle of design that refers to the arrangement of opposite elements or using opposing qualities next to each other so as to create visual interest, excitement, and drama. For example, large vs. small shapes, black and white (contrasting values), organic/curvy and geometric/angular (contrasting lines/shapes/forms), and rough and smooth (contrasting textures).
Contrast intensifies and keeps the viewer alert. The greater the contrast, the more something will stand out and call attention to itself. Contrast can also be used to set the mood or tone of the work. High contrast makes a work more vibrant, vigorous, brash and lively - it "pops" more. Low-contrast work is more quiet, calm, subtle, reflective, soothing.
Contrast can be used to strengthen, enhance or enlarge upon a particular point of interest, drawing the viewer's attention to a focal point within the piece.
The colors white and black provide the greatest degree of contrast, easily demonstrated by a dicussion around positive and negative space.
Complementary colors also highly contrast with one another.
Esaak, Shelley. "What is the Definition of Contrast in Art?" ThoughtCo, Jun. 22, 2018.
Flyeschool, Elements of Art and Principles of Design, Contrast.
Using a wide brush, on plain paper create the following examples of contrast:
Make a list of descriptive words with their context and opposite such as:
Spend 10 minutes studying the sky and where it meets the earth. Discover and record the contrasts that occur.
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